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Recent findings in the therapy of postoperative scars and their complicatoin in the abdominal region - literature research.
Smolej, Július ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Novotná, Irena (referee)
Title: Recent findings in the therapy of postoperative scars and their complicatoin in the abdominal region - systematic review Objective: The main objective of this diploma thesis is the evaluation of different therapeutic approaches in the therapy of postoperative scars in their proliferative phase of healing and postoperative scar pain in the abdominal region, based on the available resources corresponding to the established inclusion criteria. This thesis makes effort to evaluate which therapeutic method is most often used in the proliferative phase of healing and is most effective in acute and chronic postoperative scar pain treatment. The inclusion criteria for this review are the POSAS, VSS and NRS scales. Method: This thesis is processed in the form of a systematic review. The search of sources was carried out in specialized Internet databases and electronic portals UKAŽ, Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link, Pubmed, EBSCOhost, PEDro, Medline, Web of Science based on keywords. The first part of the thesis contains a theoretical introduction to scar tissues. The second part is descriptive-analytical in nature and contains an analysis of the individual studies included in the literature search examining different interventions in the treatment of postoperative abdominal scars. Results: A...
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Možnosti fyzioterapie u žen po císařském řezu v poporodním období
ČALOUNOVÁ, Magdaléna
The bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of physiotherapy for women after ceasarean section during the postpartum period. It is mainly focused on working with the scar and overall therapy for these women. In the theoretical part I describe the anatomy of the abdominal wall, the ceasareann section itself, healing of wounds, scars and physical therapy. In the chapter methodology I describe methods which I used in therapy for women after SC. The practical part was made in a form of a qualitative research. Four women participated in the study. The research lasted two months. In the chapture results I describe the therapies and the results on the women.
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DNA markery rezistencie voči biotickému stresu u uhorky siatej
Zvalová, Monika
Thanks to ever-advancing biotechnology techniques, DNA markers have become an integral part of the study of the plant genome. Knowledge of ideal molecular markers is widely applicable and helpful in genome mapping, genetic map construction, systematic taxonomy or conventional breeding. Compared to conventional approaches, DNA markers have many advantages, such as high stability, reliability and they are not affected by the environment. The diploma thesis deals with the application of various types of genetic markers in the study of regions of the cucumber genome responsible for resistance or susceptibility to selected biotic stressors, especially bacteries and viruses. It compares the effectiveness of RAPD with SCAR and CAPS markers. Furthermore, suitable and unsatisfactory genetic markers against angular leaf spot and disease caused by Zucchini yellow mosaic virus have been defined, which contribute to the economic losses of many crops every year. The work includes optimization of the PCR protocol and sequence analysis of selected amplified regions of the cucumber genome and their subsequent comparison in the NCBI database. For the future, a practical use of the results is proposed for cooperation with the MORAVOSEED CZ a.s company. The conclusion of the laboratory work can be helpful in the perspective use of markers specific to PSyLA and ZYMV.
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Úloha sestry v mobilizaci pacienta po operaci kýly
KRAMÁŘOVÁ, Iva
This bachelor thesis deals with the nurse´s role in mobilizing patients after hernia surgery. Post- surgery care partially consists of early mobilization of patients from their bed. Mobilization is movement, i.e. getting up from the bed, sitting up in a chair and walking practice. Early getting up after surgery helps increasing the venous circulation which prevents the development of a tromboembolic disease. Three objectives were set. Find out in what ways nurses mobilize their patients after hernia surgery. Find out what steps nurses follow when mobilizing patients after hernia surgery from the perspective of education and find out how patients perceive the nurse when taking care of them after hernia surgery. For the purpose of these objectives, four research questions were set. The thesis contains two research samples. The first research sample consisted of 6 nurses and the second research sample of 4 patients. The empirical part was implemented using qualitative research, interviewing method, the technique of standardized interview with nurses and patients on the surgical inpatient department. Interviews were transcribed word for word, analysed, and then coding was carried out. The method of ´pen and paper´ was chosen. The survey was run during March, April and May 2021. The results of interviews done with the nurses have proven that all of the interviewed nurses mobilize the patients after hernia surgery by getting up over their hip, however, they do not follow all other steps of correctly carried out mobilization. Nurses educate their patients orally, they use oral education right before the first getting up from bed. Some nurses, together with the oral education also clearly show their patients how to get up from bed. Further, it was found out that patients are being given sufficient amount of time by the nurses. The results of this bachelor thesis may serve as study material to students of medical subjects or nurses as inspiration for supplying high quality care of their patients. The survey results will be passed on to the workplace where the survey was carried out. Based on specific findings, the current educational methods may be updated including the means of improving after-surgery care for patients after hernia surgery. Thesis results are divided into individual categories. In Nurses´ survey, they are Mobilization, Education and Environment. In Patients´ survey, they are named as Communication, Mobilization, Nurse´s Surveillance when Getting Up from Bed and Nursing Care.
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Nursing care of surgical wounds on a surgical department
OCHMANOVÁ, Miroslava
The thesis deals with the care of surgical wounds in a surgical department. The aim of this thesis is to map a nursing care of surgical wounds in a standard surgical department and in an intensive care unit. Also it tries to answer what aids nurses have at their disposal in the individual surgical departments and then to compare all the parameters with each other. The following research questions were created from the aims: How do nurses treat a surgical wound in a standard surgical department? What kind of aids for nursing wounds do they have available in a standard surgical department? What are the differences in a care of surgical wound in a standard surgical ward and in an intensive care unit? What are the differences in aids for nursing wounds in a standard surgical ward and in an intensive care unit? We chose a qualitative method for the research survey. The data collection was carried out in the form of a semi-structured interview in a total of 14 addressed nurses. Seven of them work in a standard surgical department and the remaining seven nurses work in a surgical intensive care unit. From the interviews we can conclude that the process of nursing care of surgical wounds in both wards are mostly performed according to the recommended practice. The biggest difference in the care of the surgical wounds is in the care of the scar. The difference comes from different parameters of each wards. In the intensive care unit patients are hospitalized after major operations and they are then transferred to a standard surgical unit and after all this they are released to a home care. There were not found any differences in the aids which they are using for care of surgical wounds in each wards. The results of the survey can help students in preparing for future careers and to improve the awareness of nurses in the care of surgical wounds working in surgical departments.
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Women's views on caesarean section
PUMPROVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor's thesis is dealing with women's opinions about Caesarean section. The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is describing the course of vaginal delivery. We also focused on the description of the caesarean section. The next chapter deals with the midwife's care for a woman before and after caesarean section. We also processed the care of the scar after a caesarean section. Finally, we focused on the complications and consequences of a caesarean section. The practical part describes the research investigation. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to map the opinion of women on caesarean section. Two hypotheses were established. H1: Women prefer vaginal delivery rather than caesarean section. H2: Women think that caesarean section does not affect the health of the child. To achieve set goal, we chose a quantitative research survey using a questionnaire. 19 questions were used in the questionnaire - closed questions and 1 open question. 209 respondents participated and completed the survey. These were women active on social media. The questionnaire was designed for all women, regardless of age. Women who had experience with pregnancy and childbirth or even those who did not have this experience could respond. The study involved women who were or were not pregnant. Most respondents, 92 (44%), were aged 18-25. The most frequent response to completed education was a high school with a high school diploma. The questionnaires were evaluated using the chi square test. The significance level was determined to be 5%. In the research survey, 87.6% of women said that they would prefer vaginal delivery to caesarean section. According to a statistical survey, the p-value was less than 0.05, thus confirming hypothesis 1 "Women prefer vaginal delivery rather than caesarean section". Furthermore, hypothesis 2 was tested using the questions. 64.5% of women answered that they do not think that children after a caesarean section have worse immunity than children after a vaginal birth. Furthermore, 82.5% of women do not think that these children suffer from more allergies. 60.4% of women believe that caesarean section has no effect on breastfeeding. 53.5% stated that separation after a caesarean section does not affect the child's mental health. According to a statistical survey, the p-value was less than 0.05, which means that the second hypothesis was also confirmed. The findings of this thesis could be used in seminars for midwives or in antenatal courses.
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Changes in working abilities in a patient of productive age after total arthroplasty of weight-bearing supporting joint of the lower limb
ŠIMKOVÁ, Jana
Total lower limb endoprosthesis was originally indicated in elderly patients, as the fear of wear and tear was ingrained in younger, more active patients. Nowadays, with advances in implant design and surgical technology, it has become a viable option for patients of productive age who are reducing pain in all aspects of life. The aim of this work is to evaluate the changes in working abilities in patients of productive age after total endoprosthesis of the lower limb, and to map the possibilities of physiotherapy that will be beneficial for returning to working life. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the anatomy of the hip and knee joint with their interconnection, types of total hip arthroplasty, its indications and contraindications. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the division of rehabilitation before and after implantation of a total endoprosthesis and other physiotherapeutic procedures. The term "work skills" and their changes are defined. The practical part is based on case reports of patients who are in different time horizons from TEP of the hip joint. A detailed initial kinesiological analysis was created with three probands together with therapy, short-term and long-term physiotherapy plan, final kinesiological analysis. A kinesiological analysis is created retrospectively with three other probands. The case studies are supplemented by a questionnaire. The results reflect the positive effect of physiotherapy on health status and changes in working abilities after total hip arthroplasty.
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Overview of modern approaches to a physiotherapeutic treatment of scars in the subacute phase
Kubová, Viktorie ; Kejhová, Eva (advisor) ; Hálková, Jindřiška (referee)
BAKALÁŘSKÉ PRÁCE V AJ Author: Viktorie Kubová, DiS. Supervisor: Ing. Eva Kejhová Title: Overview of modern approaches to a physiotherapeutic treatment of scars in the subacute phase Abstract: This Bachelor thesis is of a research character and concerns the physiotherapy of scars in subacute phase. Considering this point of view, this period can be described as the proliferation phase of healing, i.e. the time of one to four weeks since the scar formation. The scar is a connective tissue which replaces the site of the defect and by its interference with the integrity of the body scheme it can not only be an aesthetic problem, but also a source of difficulties in the locomotor system. Physiotherapy is an integral part of scar therapy. It is involved in maintaining the integrity of the skin system and its aim is not only to improve or restore the appearance of the skin, but mainly its function. The objective of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive summary of the scarring problem and to obtain an answer to the research question whether it is appropriate to use soft tissue mobilisation in the subacute phase. Further objective is to make a systematic review of clinical studies focusing on the most commonly used methods of physiotherapy in the treatment of scars in the subacute phase of healing. A...
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The impact of high intensity laser on the healing of soft tissues of the knee joint in patiens after arthroscopy
Rychnová, Eliška ; Plevová, Kristýna (advisor) ; Benešová, Lucie (referee)
Author: Eliška Rychnová Supervisor: Ing. Kristýna Plevová Consultant: Ing. Marie Plecháčová Title of the thesis: The impact of high intensity laser on the healing of soft tissues of the knee joint in patients after arthroscopy The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of soft tissue healing of the knee joint after arthroscopy. The main goal of this work was to monitor the effect of high intensity laser on the healing of soft tissues of the knee joint after arthroscopy. The work consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the anatomy and biomechanics of the knee joint. Further summarizes information about the scar, its formation, types, care options and rating scales. The technical parameters and effects of the laser with a focus on the high intensity laser are also described here. Then, based on the data collection and analysis, the current state of this matter in the Czech Republic and abroad was described and summarized. The research includes 16 studies, which were selected on the basis of selected keywords, data actuality, validity and at the same time their pros and cons were considered. In the practical part 4 case reports of patients after arthroscopy of the knee joint were processed. Only patients after meniscus surgery were included in the...
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